The Menorquina cow, a native Menorcan cattle breed, has been a mainstay of the island’s livestock for centuries. This breed is not only known for its adaptability and resistance, but also for its cultural and economic importance in the region.
History and Origins of the Menorcan Cow
The history of the Menorcan cow dates back to 2200 BC where it was introduced by the first settlers of the island. This breed has developed in Menorca, adapting to the climatic and geographical conditions of the island. Over the years, the Menorcan cow has proven to be a robust and efficient breed, capable of thriving in an island environment.
In 2001, the official register of this breed was created with only 412 animals registered. Since then, the population has grown significantly. In 2019, the census revealed that there were 2,264 Menorquina cows, reflecting a steady and healthy population growth. This increase is a testament to the continued effort to preserve and promote this unique breed.
Characteristics of the Menorquina cow
Menorcan cows are renowned for their dark red coat (also called ‘vermella’) and their ability to produce high quality milk. In addition, their meat is highly prized for its flavour and texture. This breed is also valued for its resistance to diseases and its adaptability to different climatic conditions.
The reproduction of the Menorcan cow continues to rise and reached 2,604 in 2023, according to the latest census of this breed. This register was created in 2001 with only 412 animals and since then the number of registered animals has only increased thanks to the Associació de Ramaders de Bestiar Boví de Raça de Menorca in 1998 to recover the breed.
Economic and Cultural Importance
The Menorcan cow not only has a significant economic value for the local livestock, but it is also a cultural symbol of Menorca. The meat and dairy products derived from this breed are highly valued in local and international markets. Menorcan cow breeding also contributes to the maintenance of rural landscapes and the ecological balance of the island.
The ‘ASSOCIACIÓ DE RAMADERS DE BESTIAR BOVÍ DE RAÇA DE MENORCA’ has played a crucial role in this success. Formed in 1998, this body has worked tirelessly to recover and promote the Menorcan breed, ensuring that more farmers take an interest in breeding these animals and adhere to sustainable farming practices.
Products derived from the Menorcan cow
Several high quality products are obtained from the Menorcan cow, which are highly appreciated both locally and internationally:
Meat
Menorcan beef is highly valued for its flavour and texture. It is characteristically tender and juicy, which makes it ideal for a variety of gourmet dishes. This meat can be found in local markets and in restaurants that seek to offer high quality local products.
Milk and Derivatives
Menorcan cow’s milk is rich and nutritious, used to produce a range of dairy products such as cheese, yoghurt and butter. Cheeses made from Menorcan cow’s milk, in particular, are highly prized for their distinctive flavour and high quality. Examples include Mahón-Menorca cheese, which has a protected designation of origin.
Ice cream
Ice cream made from Menorcan cow’s milk is another delicacy that stands out for its creaminess and authentic flavour. This product has gained popularity among both locals and tourists visiting the island, offering a unique gastronomic experience.
Other Products
In addition to meat and dairy products, the Menorcan cow also produces other products such as whey, which is used in animal feed and in the production of nutritional supplements. The skin of the Menorcan cow can also be used in the production of high quality leather goods.de ser utilizada en la producción de artículos de cuero de alta calidad.
Challenges and Future of the Menorquina Cow
Despite significant advances in the conservation and reproduction of the Menorquina cow, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. Competition with more productive breeds and market pressure may threaten the long-term viability of this breed. However, the continued efforts of local organisations and the support of the farming community are crucial to ensure a sustainable future for the Menorquina cow.
The Menorcan cow is more than a cattle breed, it is a living heritage of Menorca. Its conservation and promotion are essential not only for local livestock, but also for maintaining the island’s rich cultural heritage. With the right support and the continued dedication of the farming community, the Menorcan cow will continue to thrive and contribute to the sustainable development of Menorca.
